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- M MACHINE FINISH - Standard surface treatment produced by mechanized planers. MACHINE PITCH FACED - See HAND PITCH FACED MARBLE - A metamorphic rock composed essentially of calcite and/or dolomite, generally a recrystallization of limestone">stone to marble. MASONRY - Built up construction, usually a combination of materials set in mortar. METAMORPHISM - The change or alteration in a rock caused by exterior agencies, such as deep-seated heat and pressure, or intrusion of rock materials. MITER - The junction of two units at an angle, in which the junction line usually bisects at 45-degrees. MODULAR or MULTIPLE CUT (also PATTERN CUT) - Standard patterns used throughout the stone">stone industry, usually based on multiples of a given height. Stone">Stone that is multiple cut or pattern cut is pre-cut to allow typically for 1/4" or 1/2" joints or beds. MOLDING - Decorative stone">stone used to introduce variety in profile and contour, deviating from a plane surface by projections, curved profiles, recesses, or any combination thereof. MORTAR - A plastic mixture of cement, lime, sand, and water, used to bond masonry units. MOSAIC - A pattern formed by inlaying tesserae, or small pieces of stone">stone, tile or other material into a cement, plaster or mortar matrix. MULTIPLE CUT - See MODULAR CUT - N NATURAL BED - The setting of the stone">stone on the same plane as it was formed in the ground. This generally applies to all stratified materials. NATURAL CLEFT - This generally pertains to stone">stones which are formed in layers in the ground. When such stone">stones are cleaved or separated along a natural seam the remaining surface is referred to as a natural cleft surface. NON-STAINING MORTAR - Mortar composed of materials that individually or collectively do not contain material which will stain; usually has a very low alkali content. - O OBSIDIAN - A hard, dark-colored glassy phase of lava. OGEE - A stone">stone profile with a reverse curved edge: concave above, convex below. ONYX MARBLE - A dense, crystalline form of lime carbonate deposited usually from cold-water solutions. Generally translucent and shows a characteristic layering due to mode of accumulation. OOLITIC LIMESTONE">STONE - A calcite-cemented calcareous stone">stone formed of shells and shell fragments, practically non-crystalline in character. It is found in massive deposits located almost entirely in Lawrence, Monroe and Owen Counties, Indiana and in Alabama, Kansas and Texas. This limestone">stone is characteristically a freestone">stone, without cleavage planes, possessing a remarkable uniformity of composition, texture and structure. It possesses a high internal elasticity, adapting itself without damage to extreme temperature changes. OPALIZED - The introduction into a rock of siliceous material in the form of opal, a hydrous silicate. OUT OF WIND - To have the arris or edge of an external angle of a stone">stone not in parallel or perpendicular lines. stone">stone which is out of wind has an irregular or rustic appearance. - P PALLETIZED - A system of stacking stone">stone on wooden pallets. stone">stone which comes palletized is easily moved and transported by modern handling equipment. Palletized stone">stone generally arrives at the job site in better condition than unpalletized material. PARAPET WALL - That part of an exterior wall that is entirely above the roof line. PARGING - Damp-proofing by placing a 1/2" coat of setting mortar on the back of stone">stones, or the face of the back-up material. Also, elaborate decorative plasterwork or ornamental facing for plaster walls. PARQUETRY - A flat inlay of stone">stone floors in closely fitted geometrical or other patterns, often including two or more colors or materials. PATTERN CUT - See MODULAR CUT PERFORATED WALL - One which contains a large number of relatively small openings; often called a pierced wall or screen wall. PERRONS - Slabs of stone">stone set on other stone">stones to serve as outdoor steps, and leading to a terrace, platform, gate or doorway. PHENOCRYST - In igneous rocks, the relatively large and conspicuous crystals, in a finer-grained matrix or ground-mass. PILASTER - An engaged pier of shallow depth; in classical architecture it follows the height and width of related columns, with similar base and capital. PITCHED stone">stone - stone">stone having arris or a clearly defined outer edge but a face roughly cut with a pitching chisel used along the line which becomes the arris. PLINTHS - The square or rectangular base of a column; a base or pedestal, frequently inscribed, to support a statue or other isolated object; the base block at the juncture of baseboard and trim around an opening. PLUCKED FINISH - Obtained by rough planing the surface of stone">stone, breaking or plucking out small particles to give rough texture. POINTING - The final filling and finishing of mortar joints that have been raked out. POLISHED - The finest and smoothest finish available in stone">stone characterized by a gloss or reflective property. Generally only possible on hard, dense materials. PORPHYRY - An igneous rock in which relatively large and conspicuous crystals (phenocrysts) are set in a matrix of finer crystals. PRESSURE RELIEVING JOINT - An open horizontal joint below the supporting angle or hangar located at approximately every floor line and not over 15 feet apart, horizontally, and every 20-30 feet vertically, to prevent weight from being transmitted to the masonry below. These joints are to be caulked with a resilient non-staining material to prevent moisture penetration. PROJECTIONS - The pulling out of stone">stones in a wall to give an effect of ruggedness. The amount each stone">stone is pulled out can vary between 1/2" and 1 1/2". stone">stones are either pulled out at the same degree at both ends or sometimes one end is pulled out and the other end left flush with the wall plane. PUMICE - An exceptionally cellular, glassy lava, resembling a solid froth. |
Glossary About Stone Industry (M~P)