|
- Q QUARRY - The location of an operation where a natural deposit of stone">stone is removed from the ground. QUARTZITE - A compact granular rock composed of quartz crystals, usually so firmly cemented as to make the mass homogeneous. The stone">stone is generally quarried in stratified layers, the surfaces of which are unusually smooth. Its crushing and tensile strengths are extremely high. The color range is wide. QUIRT - A groove separating a bead or other molding from the adjoining members. QUOINS - Stone">Stones at the external corner or edge of a wall emphasized by size, projection, rustication, or by a different finish. - R RECESS - A sinkage in a wall plane. REGLET - A narrow flat molding of rectangular profile oten used to cover a joint between two elements. RELIEF - Carved ornament projecting above s cutaway background plane. The ornament or figure can be slightly raised (bas-relief or low-relief), half projection (mezzo-relief), high- (or alto-) relief. RELIEVING ARCH - One built over a lintel, flat arch, or smaller arch to divert loads, thus relieving the lower member from excessive loading. Also known as a discharging or safety arch. RETURN - Continuation of a molding in a different direction, usually at a right angle. RETURN HEAD - stone">stone facing with the finish appearing on both the face and the edge of the same stone">stone - as on the corner of a building. REVEAL - The depth of stone">stone between its outer face and a window or door set in an opening; the thickness of a wall. RIFT - The most pronounced direction of splitting or cleavage of a stone">stone (see grain). Rift and grain may be obscure, as in some granites, but are important in both quarrying and processing stone">stone. RIPRAP - Irregular broken and randomly sized pieces of rock used for facing bridge abutments and fills; stone">stone thrown together without order to form a foundation, breakwater or sustaining wall. RISE - Refers to the heights of stone">stone, generally in veneer; the vertical dimension between two successive steps. ROCK - An integral part of the earth's crust composed of an aggregate of grains of one or more minerals. (stone">stone is the commercial term applied to quarry products.) ROCK (PITCH) FACE - Similar to split face, except that the face of the stone">stone is inclined to a given line and plane, producing a bold appearance rather than the comparatively straight face obtained in split face; stone">stones laid up in a masonry wall with natural faces as received from the quarry, or dressed to resemble natural stone">stone. See HAND PITCH FACE. RODDING - Reinforcement of a structurally unsound marble by cementing reinforcing rods into grooves or channels cut into the back of the slab. RUBBLE - A product term applied to dimensional stone">stone used for building purposes, chiefly walls and foundations, and consisting of irregularly shaped pieces, partly trimmed or squared, generally with one split or finished face, and selected and specified within a size range. RUSTIFICATION OR RUSTICATION - Recessing the margin or outer edges of cut stone">stone so that when placed together a channel or strongly emphasized recess is formed along each joint. The stone">stone face may be smooth, rough or patterned with its outer edges tooled smooth or beveled. - S SADDLE - A flat strip of stone">stone projecting above the floor between the jambs of a door; threshold. SAND SAWN FINISH - stone">stone surface left as it comes from a gang saw; moderately smooth, granular surface varying with the texture and grade of stone">stone. SANDSTONE">STONE - A sedimentary rock consisting usually of quartz cemented with silica, iron oxide or calcium carbonate. Sandstone">stone is durable, has a very high crushing and tensile strength, and a wide range of colors and textures. SAWED EDGE - A clean cut edge generally achieved by cutting with a diamond blade, gang saw or wire saw. SAWED FACE - A finish obtained from the particular process employed to produce building stone">stone. Varies in texture from smooth to rough and is coincident with the type of materials used in sawing; characterized as diamond sawn, sand sawn, chat sawn or shot sawn. SCALE - Thin lamina or paper-like sheets of rock, often loose, and interrupting an otherwise smooth surface of stone">stone. SCHIST - A foliated metamorphic rock (recrystallized) characterized by thin foliae that are composed predominantly of minerals of thin platy or prismatic habits and whose long dimensions are oriented in approximately parallel positions along the planes of foliation. Because of this foliated structure schists split readily along these planes and so possess a pronounced rock cleavage. The more common schists are composed of the micas and other mica-like minerals (such as chlorite) and generally contain subordinate quartz and/or feldspar of comparatively fine-grained texture; all gradations exist between schist and gneiss (coarsely foliated feldspathic rocks). SCORIA - Irregular masses of lava resembling clinker of slag; may be cellular (vesicular) dark-colored and heavy. SCOTIA - A deep concave molding, or gorge, especially at the base of a column. SEMI-RUBBED - A finish achieved by rubbing (manually or by machine) the rough or high spots off a stone">stone's exposed surface, leaving a certain amount of the natural surface along with the smoothed areas. SERPENTINE - A hydrous magnesium silicate material of igneous origin, generally a very dark green color with markings of white, light green or black. One of the hardest varieties of natural building stone">stone. SETTING SPACE - The distance from the finished face of a stone">stone to the face of a back-up wall. SHEAR - A type of stress. A body is in shear when it is subjected to a pair of equal forces in opposite directions and which act along parallel planes. SHOT SAWN - Finish obtained by using chilled steel shot in the gang sawing process to produce random markings for a rough surface texture. SILL - A flat stone">stone used under windows, doors and other masonry openings. SLAB - A lengthwise cut of a large quarry block of stone">stone approximately 5'x 8' in size. SLATE - A very fine-grained metamorphic rock derived from sedimentary rock shale. Characterized by an excellent parallel cleavage entirely independent of original bedding, by which cleavage the rock may be split easily into relatively thin slabs. SLIP SILL - A stone">stone window or door sill set between the jambs (See LUG SILL). SMOOTH FINISH - The surface texture produced by planer machines plus the removal of objectionable tool marks; also known as smooth planar finish or smooth machine finish. SNAPPED EDGE, QUARRY CUT or BROKEN EDGE - Generally refers to a natural breaking of a stone">stone either by hand or machine. The break should be at right angles to the top and bottom surface. SOAPstone">stone - A massive variety of talc with a soapy or greasy feel, used for hearths, washtubs, table tops, carved ornaments, chemical laboratories, etc., known for its stain proof qualities. SOFFIT - The finished underside of a lintel, arch, or portico. SPALL - A stone">stone fragment that has split or broken off the face of a stone">stone, either by the force of a blow or by weathering. Sizes may vary from chip size to one and two man stone">stones. Spalls are primarily used for taking up large voids in rough rubble or mosaic patterns. SPANDREL WALL - A curtain wall panel filling the space between the top of a window in one story and the sill of the window on the story above. SPLAY - A beveled or slanted surface. SPLIT - Division of a rock by cleavage. SPLIT FACE (SAWED BED) - Usually sawed on the stone">stone bed and split by hand or machine so that the face of the stone">stone exhibits the natural quarry texture. SPLITstone">stone FINISH - Obtained by sawing to accurate heights, then breaking by machine to required bed widths. (Normal bed widths are 3 1/2".) SPOT OR SPOTTING - An adhesive contact, usually plaster of Paris, applied between the back of marble veneer and the face of a back-up wall to plum or secure standing marble. STACKED BOND - stone">stone that is cut to one dimension and installed with unbroken vertical and horizontal joints running the entire length and height of a veneered area. STICKING - An expression used in the marble finishing trade to describe the process of cementing together broken slabs or pieces of marble. stone">stone - Sometimes synonymous with rock, but more properly applied to individual blocks, masses, or fragments taken from their original formation or considered for commercial use. STRATIFICATION - A structure produced by deposition of sediments in beds or layers (strata), laminae, lenses, wedges, and other essentially tabular units. STRIP RUBBLE - Generally speaking, strip rubble comes from a ledge quarry. The beds of the stone">stone, while uniformly straight, are of the natural cleft as the stone">stone is removed from the ledge, and then split by machine to approximate 4" widths. STYOLITE - A longitudinally streaked, columnar structure occurring in some marbles, and of the same material as the marble in which it occurs. SURROUND - An enframement. |
Glossary About Stone Industry (Q~S)